Wednesday 8 February 2017

سنڌ جي تهذيب جي وسعت ، قدامت ۽ ان جي جاگرافيائي حدن بابت ڄاڻ ڏيندڙ نقشو

سنڌ جي تهذيب جي وسعت ، قدامت ۽ ان جي جاگرافيائي حدن بابت ڄاڻ ڏيندڙ نقشو جنهن مان ثابت ٿو ٿيئي ته سنڌ جون جاگرافيائي حدون هڪ طرف ايران ، افغانستان ۽ هندستان تائين پکڙيل هيون ، هن وقت تائين سنڌو ماٿري جي تهذيب سا تعلق رکندڙ تقريبن هڪ هزار کن ننڍا ۽ وڏا شهر دريافت ٿي چڪا آهن

Wednesday 27 April 2016

ڪراچيءَ ۾ جيل جي شروعات

ڪراچيءَ ۾ جيل جي شروعات

ڪراچيءَ ۾ چارلس نيپئر جي دور ۾ 1847ع ۾ شهر ۽ فوجي ڪئمپ جي وچ ۾ انهي جاءِ تي جتي اڄ سٽي ڪورٽ جي بلڊنگ آهي، جيل قائم ڪيوويو.ياد رهي ته هاڻوڪي سول هسپتال واري جاءِ تي انگريزن جي قبضي وقت کالي ميدان هو. ڪراچيءَ تي قبضي جي ٻئي ڏينهن منهوڙي کان ايندڙ انگريز فوجي انهيءَ خالي ميدان تي ڪيمپ لڳائي رهڻ لڳا هئا ۽ هي علائقو فوجي ڪئمپ ۾ تبديل ٿيو.

50 سالن تائين ڪراچي ڊسٽرڪ جيل جاءِ هتي ئي رهي. پهرين هي هڪ سادي جاءِ ۾ هئي، بعد ۾ 1858ع ۾ پبلڪ ورڪس ڊپارٽمنٽ ساڍن ڏهن ايڪڙن تي 112412 رپين جي خرچ سان نئين بلڊنگ تيار ڪئي. 1868ع ۾ هن کي وڌايو ويو.قيدن کي رکڻ جي گنجائس 800 تائين هئي جنهن ۾ قيدن لاءِ کوليون، ورڪشاپ نه ٺهيل هئا.
              شهر جي وچ ۾ اچڻ ڪري جيل کي هاڻوڪي ڪرچي سنٽرل جيل واري  جاءِ تي منتڪل ڪيو ويو. جيل واري جاءِ تي چراھه گاهه هوندو هو،سبزي منڊي واري جاءِ ۽ لياري نديءَ ڪناري ڳوٺ هئا. پنهورن جو ڳوٺ اڄ به جيل پويان موجود آهي. 8 اپريل 1899 ۾ جيل جي عمارت کي مڪمل ڪيو ويو،جيڪو 11000 چورس تي ٻڌل آهي. شروع ۾ هڪ هزار قيدين کي رکڻ جي گنجائش هئي،هن وقت جيل ۾ رکڻ جي گنجائش 3000 هزار آهي.پر قيدي 4000 هزار کان مٿي آهن. پهرين جيل سپرنٽينڊينٽ مسٽر ڊي سولومن هو. جيل ۾ قيدين کي مصروف رکڻ لاءِ 1928ع ۾ هڪ فيڪٽري به اڏي وئي، هن کان سواءِ جيل جي ڪجھ حصي تي زراعت به ڪئي ويندي هئي. جتي قيدين لاءِ سبزيون وغيره پوکيون وينديون هيون. هاڻي اها فيڪٽري تباهه ٿي وئي آهي ۽ ِِزرعي ايراضي جي ڪجه ڀاڱي تي نوان وارڊ اڏيا ويا آهن. جيل ۾ هڪ اسڪول به آهي جتي قيدين جا ٻارتعليم حاصل ڪن ٿا.جيل ۾ جيل سپرنٽينڊينٽ لاءِدفتر، رهڻ جي جاءِ ۽ ٻين سپائين لاءِ رهڻ جون جائيون موجود آهن. 1899ع ۾ هن جي اڏاوٽ تي3،57000 خرچ ٿيا هئا.
              ورهاڱي کان پو۽ 1974ع ۾ نيشنل هاءِ وي تي لانڊي واري علائقي ۾ لانڊي جيل اڏيو ويو. جتي ٻارن جو جيل به آهي. جڏهن ملير ضلعو ٺيو ته هن جو نالو ڊسٽرڪ جيل ملير ايٽ لانڊي رکيو ويو هن ۾ قيدين کي رکڻ جي گنجائش 893 آهي. پرهن وقت جيل ۾ 3000 قيدي آهن. عورتن جي جيل ۾ قيدين جي گنجائش 102 آهي. پر قيدي 126 آهن ۽ ٻارن واري جيل ۾ قيدين جي گنجائش 350 آهي ۽ قيدي 589 آهن.(سرڪاري رپورٽ 2006ع)

Thursday 5 February 2015

Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro 3300 - 1300 BCE

Great Bath and Granary, SD Area


The Great Bath is situated along a north-south street with a drain covered with limestone blocks. In the background is the so-called Granary, while in the foreground are the walls of several domestic structures.



Great Bath and Granary, SD Area, looking west from the 
stupa mound

The great bath surrounded by a brick colonnade, measures approximately 12 
meters north-south and 7 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters.
 In the background is a massive brick structure with narrow passages that was
 first identified as a hammam or hot-air bath, and later as the state 
granary.


Great Bath, SD Area, looking north
The Great Bath was entered using two wide staircases, one from the north and 
one from the south. The floor of the tank is watertight due to finely fitted bricks 
laid on edge with gypsum plaster. Brick colonnades were discovered on the eastern, 
northern and southern edges, but the western edge (at the left) was missing. 
Sir John Marshall assumed that they would have been present and subsequent
 reconstructions have replaced these missing columns.


Lower ledge inside the Great Bath, SD Area, southern edge, looking east

At the foot of the stairs is a small ledge with a brick edging that extends the 
entire width of the pool. People coming down the stairs could move along 
this ledge without actually stepping into the pool itself. Small sockets at the 
edges of the stairs could have held wooden planks or treads.

Great Bath, SD Area, looking north

The side walls of the tank were constructed with finely fitted bricks and a 
thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides of the tank to 
keep water from seeping through the walls and up into the superstructure.

Great Bath, SD Area, looking north

The tank would have been open to the sky, but the surrounding structures would 
have been roofed. The sidewalls and parts of the floor have been conserved using
modern replica bricks. The original eroded wall and corner are visible on the left
and center. The colonnades around the tank have also been reconstructed.

Lower ledge and Drain outlet, Great Bath, SD Area, 
looking west

At the southwestern corner of the sloping floor, a small drain first passes 
through the massive walls of the tank and connects to a corbelled arch 
drain that curves along the edge of the northern terrace of the granary to the west.
Great Bath, SD Area

The floor slopes down to the southwest corner where a small outlet (top right)
 leads to a brick drain, which takes the water to the edge of the mound.

Corbelled Drain exiting the Great Bath

This drain cuts through the edge of the so-called granary. If the entire drain 
were constructed along with the Great Bath, this feature would indicate that 
the original "granary" was built before the great bath.
Looking out from inside the drain
The corbelled arch drain from the great bath is large enough to walk into. 
It has a small ledge on either side of the actual drain channel.

Tuesday 3 February 2015

Priest King

Seated male sculpture, or "Priest King" from Mohenjo-daro (41, 42, 43). Fillet or ribbon headband with circular inlay ornament on the forehead and similar but smaller ornament on the right upper arm. The two ends of the fillet fall along the back and though the hair is carefully combed towards the back of the head, no bun is present. The flat back of the head may have held a separately carved bun as is traditional on the other seated figures, or it could have held a more elaborate horn and plumed headdress. 

Two holes beneath the highly stylized ears suggest that a necklace or other head ornament was attached to the sculpture. The left shoulder is covered with a cloak decorated with trefoil, double circle and single circle designs that were originally filled with red pigment. Drill holes in the center of each circle indicate they were made with a specialized drill and then touched up with a chisel. Eyes are deeply incised and may have held inlay. The upper lip is shaved and a short combed beard frames the face. The large crack in the face is the result of weathering or it may be due to original firing of this object. 

Material: white, low fired steatite
Dimensions: 17.5 cm height, 11 cm width
Mohenjo-daro, DK 1909
National Museum, Karachi, 50.852
Marshall 1931: 356-7, pl. XCVIII



Sunday 4 January 2015

Karachi Gymkhana

Karachi Gymkhana Club in 1890.
The Karachi Gymkhana (KG) is a premier gymkhana (sports club) in the city of Karachi. It is located on Club Road in KarachiSindhPakistan.

History

The club was founded in 1886.It is one of the oldest gymkhanas in Pakistan.

Membership

Over 9000 members are enrolled in the club.Karachi Gymkhana is one of the largest clubs in Asia, in terms of membership and sports facilities.

Facilities

The KG Club provides various sports and games facilities for its members. The club has a main building with a restaurant, snooker room, cafe and prayer room. There is a separate sports building and a cricket ground. There are tennis and squash courts as well. Most sports activities have coaches for newcomers. One has to pay for coaching services and membership is necessary to enroll in coaching courses. Every year there is an annual sports festival in which members and their children take part in various sports events on the cricket ground. There are regular tournaments for squash, swimming, cricket, table tennis and tennis. There are three types of swimming pools. One is the main pool for experienced swimmers, and there is one for learners. There is also one for younger children and toddlers. The Karachi Gymkhana cricket ground has been home to many famous matches as well. Famous cricketers such as Imran Khan have played on the cricket ground.
click this web pic





Sunday 23 November 2014

راجيش رائو موهن جي دڙي واري لکت کي کولي ٿو

راجيش رائو ”سڀني لفظن جي ڳجھن جي ماءُ“ کان تمام گھڻو متاثر آهي. هن پنهنجي ليڪچر ۾ اهو ٻڌايو آهي ته اڄ کان 4000 هزار سال اڳ سنڌي رسم الخط کي ڪيئن سمجھجي. ”ٽيڊ 2011“ ۾ هو اهو ٻڌائي رهيو آهي ته ڪيئن جديد ڪمپيوٽر جي تڪنيڪن جي مدد سان هو سنڌي اصلوڪي زبان کي پڙهڻ جي لاءِ ڪوششون وٺي رهيو آهي جيڪا ڪوشش هن عظيم تهذيب کي سمجھڻ ۾ اهم مرحلي طور ڪم ڪندي




Tuesday 18 November 2014

Priest-King

Priest-King

In 1927, a seated male soapstone figure was found in a building with unusually ornamental brickwork and a wall-niche. Though there is no evidence that priests or monarchs ruled Mohenjo-daro, archeologists dubbed this dignified figure a "Priest-King." The sculpture is 17.5 centimetres (6.9 in) tall and depicts a bearded man with a fillet around his head, an armband, and a cloak decorated with trefoil patterns that were originally filled with red pigment. The two ends of the fillet fall along the back. The hair is carefully combed towards the back of the head but no bun is present. The flat back of the head may have held a separately carved bun, or it could have held a more elaborate horn and plumed headdress. Two holes beneath the highly stylized ears suggest that a necklace or other head ornament was attached to the sculpture. The left shoulder is covered with a cloak decorated with trefoil, double circle and single circle designs that were originally filled with red pigment. Drill holes in the center of each circle indicate they were made with a specialized drill and then touched up with a chisel. The eyes are deeply incised and may have held inlay. The upper lip is shaved, and a short combed beard frames the face